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Israel's population policy
Benešová, Tereza ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The thesis deals with the population development of Israel in the context of individual population policy measures between 1948-2022. The basic concepts of population policies and theories are anchored in the literature review. Specific measures that have been taken in Israel are also discussed and the issue is placed in a political and historical context. The literature review is followed by an analytical part that examines indicators of fertility, migration and assisted reproduction in the context of Israel's birth and immigration policy. In the conclusion, space is also devoted to the possible future direction of Israel's population policies. In the results of the thesis, the influence of a specific measure on population development is not clear, but the partial connections between Israel's population policy and population development are primarily pointed out. Keywords Israel, population policy, population development, fertility, migration
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Demografický vývoj v Íránu a jeho socioekonomické podmíněnosti
Kudrna, Radek
Kudrna R. Demographic development in Iran and its socio-economic conditions. Brno, 2022. Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies. The bachelor thesis deals with the demographic development of Iran and its socio - economic conditions. The aim of this work is to map the most important socio-economic and cultural conditions of Iran's fertility development from the second half of the 20th century to the present. The work also deals with the future socio-economic outlook and impacts based on established population policies. The theoretical part presents the definition of the demographic transition in the Middle East and the definition of population policies, supplemented by examples of good or bad practice. The practical part is developed using the obtained data and their calculations, evaluation of population policies within time periods and their impacts, as well as deduction of the future socio-economic perspective.
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Population policy in China
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
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The development of fertility in the context of populationpolicies in the Netherlands during the period from 1963 to 2006
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of fertility in the Netherlands during the last half-century and look at it in the context of Dutch population policies in that period. Fertility is represented by the period total fertility rate and some other selected indicators relate to population policies. The second demographic transition theory provides this work with a theoretical basis. The core of the work consists of statistical data analysis, which purpose is to discover and statistically confirm the relationship between the period total fertility rate and population policy mesures implemented by the Dutch governments. Methods used are time series analysis, factor analysis and elements of regression analysis. It was concluded that the influence of most variables on the period total fertility rate cannot be statistically proven. The only indicator that is at least partly related to the period total fertility rate is ratio of female to male hourly wages. The results of this thesis show that the changes in gender equality presumably influence fertility the most.
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Impact of Population Policies on Economic Development
Kaneko, Shinya ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hejlová, Hana (referee)
Within the presented thesis, the issue on the impact of population policy types and economic development is investigated using econometric regression analysis on an unbalanced data panel of 188 countries during the period of 2000 to 2014. The key development of the existing econometric model is the adoption of population policy indicator variables according to the type of population policy (pronatal, antinatal, maintain and no intervention). The aim of this thesis is to show the significance and positive or negative correlation of population policy dummy variables with the use of representative datasets, which were selected according to empirical research. Additionally, the same model is also conducted for different groups of countries, (more developed, less developed and least developed) so as to examine the outcome according to the level of development. Consequently, short term negative effect of pronatalistic and maintaining population policy on GDP per capita is demonstrated. On contrary, regressions on different groups of countries validates no significant evidence on policy dummy variables.
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Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China
Papřoková, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China Abstract Vietnam was unified in 1976 after a 20-year war which left the country devastated. Since that time, Vietnam has experienced dynamic population changes. The Government has introduced an interesting population policy with successful programs. From the end of the 80s until the beginning of the 21st century, Vietnam experienced a huge decline in fertility, one of the most significant in the world. Today, total fertility rate fluctuates around replacement level. This thesis analyzes changes in fertility in Vietnam in the context of implementing population policy. Furthermore, it compares fertility decline and population policy influence with the situation in China, where a similar policy has been applied. Keywords: Vietnam, China, population policy, fertility decline, induced abortions
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The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965
Křesťanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to describe the implemented measures of the population policy in Czechoslovakia between 1950 and 1965 and analyze their effect on fertility and on the other components of the population development in its context. The effectiveness of the population policy in this thesis is evaluated on the basis of identified patterns of development of fertility, abortion, marriages and divorce. Most of the adopted measures were not effective, because they had not been forestalled with any solutions to the problems such as unsatisfactory standards of living, high female employment, a lack of knowledge of the methods of modern contraception, and insufficient development of public services, which were completely affecting the population climate. The greatest impact on women's fertility was the approval of the abortion act, which resulted in decrease of number of births. The second significant intervention of population policy appears between 1963 and 1964 by pledging to prolong maternity leave. The fertility increased, but just for a short time. Overall character of the population policy was ineffective. Keywords: Population Policy, Population Climate, Fertility, The Abortion Act, Czechoslovakia
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Evaluation of China's population policy
Jodlová, Adéla ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Evaluation of China's population policy Abstract This thesis discusses China's population policy and its aim is to evaluate various programs and analyze their effectiveness. The methodological part describes the base of data and indicators by which the influence of population policy can be measured. The literary review is followed by an analytical part that deals with the development of fertility in the context of population policies, postponing marriage and changing reproductive plans, which are crucial for future policy development. The effectiveness of these programs in China is assessed by comparing the effectiveness of policies in Vietnam and Japan, as well as using selected indicators. An integral part of the thesis is an analysis of the consequences of policies and an outline of possible future development. Based on the results of the analysis, China's population policy has been effective as it has achieved its goal of reducing fertility. On the other hand, the one-child policy has caused many negative consequences, which the new universal two-child policy introduced in 2016 aims to reduce. Key words: population policy, one-child policy, universal two-child policy, reproduction plans, effectiveness of programs, negative consequences
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Measuring Czechoslovaks. Czech Society of Biotypology and Constitutional Medicine in Czechoslovakia 1937-1959
Musil, Jan ; Hermann, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Michal (referee) ; Svobodný, Petr (referee)
This doctoral thesis describes the formation, activities and dissolution of the Czech Society of Biotypology (1937-1959), herein used as an example of impact of the constitutional typology (human typology science) on the Czechoslovak medicine. Human constitution science (in French and Romance languages called biotypology) classifies individual human beings on the base of morphological and physiological characteristics, with particular emphasis on forecast of future trends. The core of the science focuses on correlation between the physical appearance of a person and his/her mental characteristics. The Czech Society of Biotypology (Česká společnost biotypologická - ČSB) was founded with ambitions not only to study human beings, but also to increase their potential. The whole movement was therefore conceived as an example of a sanitation scientific program in accordance with the governmental interest in rationalization of population care. The methodology of the thesis is based on Foucault's concept of biopower - change of power strategies and their constitutive influence on the development and change of social relations, values and individual strategies of persons. The story of formation and dissolution of ČSB is interpreted as a consequence of these changes. The core of the thesis consists of a...
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